That's okay. Well, okay. What is it? Fan, light, lean. Or even learn? It's a -- it's a three-pronged answer. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? I thought -- I thought tree roots just sort of did -- like, I thought -- I always imagined tree roots were kind of like straws. We waiting for the leaves to, you know, stop folding. Each one an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce, an ounce. ", ROBERT: So the deer's like, "Oh, well. Fan, light, lean. JENNFER FRAZER: Well, they do it because the tree has something the fungus needs, and the fungus has something the tree needs. And the salivation equivalent was the tilt of the plant? About. This -- this actually happened to me. Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. ROBERT: Oh, well that's a miracle. So she's got her plants in the pot, and we're going to now wait to see what happens. ROBERT: But that scientist I mentioned MONICA GAGLIANO: My name is Monica Gagliano. Eventually over a period of time, it'll crack the pipe like a nutcracker. Would just suck up through photosynthesis. It's almost as if these plants -- it's almost as if they know where our pipes are. They can go north, south, east, west, whatever. JENNIFER FRAZER: As soon as it senses that a grazing animal is nearby ROBERT: If a nosy deer happens to bump into it, the mimosa plant ROBERT: Curls all its leaves up against its stem. ROBERT: No, no, no, no, no. I mean, it's -- like, when a plant bends toward sunlight. JENNIFER FRAZER: With when they actually saw and smelled and ate meat. Right? Verified account Protected Tweets @ Protected Tweets @ But it didn't happen. JAD: And the plant still went to the place where the pipe was not even in the dirt? I wonder if that was maybe a bit too much. On the fifth day, they take a look and discover most of the roots, a majority of the roots were heading toward the sound of water. ROBERT: So for three days, three times a day, she would shine these little blue lights on the plants. And so we, you know, we've identified these as kind of like hubs in the network. He's got lots of questions about her research methods, but really his major complaint is -- is her language. Like the bell for the dog. And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. His name is Roy Halling. Yeah, plants really like light, you know? ROBERT: After three days of this training regime, it is now time to test the plants with just the fan, no light. So you just did what Pavlov did to a plant. Ring, meat, eat. Then he would bring them the meat and he would ring a bell. Then of course because it's the BBC, they take a picture of it. ROBERT: Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. SUZANNE SIMARD: They can't photosynthesize. ROBERT: She took that notion out of the garden into her laboratory. Testing one, two. Because I have an appointment. She took some plants, put them in a pot that restricted the roots so they could only go in one of just two directions, toward the water pipe or away from the water pipe. And is it as dramatic in the opposite direction? ROBERT: She took that notion out of the garden into her laboratory. If a nosy deer happens to bump into it, the mimosa plant Curls all its leaves up against its stem. And so we're digging away, and Jigs was, you know, looking up with his paws, you know, and looking at us, waiting. Fan, light, lean. So it's not that it couldn't fold up, it's just that during the dropping, it learned that it didn't need to. LARRY UBELL: Yeah, and I have done inspections where roots were coming up through the pipe into the house. ALVIN UBELL: They would have to have some ROBERT: Maybe there's some kind of signal? LINCOLN TAIZ: Yes. So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. There was some kind of benefit from the birch to the fur. SUZANNE SIMARD: So we know that Douglas fir will take -- a dying Douglas fir will send carbon to a neighboring Ponderosa pine. It's kind of like a cold glass sitting on your desk, and there's always a puddle at the bottom. And if you go to too many rock concerts, you can break these hairs and that leads to permanent hearing loss, which is bad. ], [LARRY UBELL: Radiolab was created by Jad Abumrad and is produced by Soren Wheeler. Like, if you put food into one tree over here, it would end up in another tree maybe 30 feet away over there, and then a third tree over here, and then a fourth tree over there, and a fifth tree over there. There's not a leak in the glass. However, if that's all they had was carbon ROBERT: That's Roy again. There's not a leak in the glass. So they can't move. So I'd seal the plant, the tree in a plastic bag, and then I would inject gas, so tagged with a -- with an isotope, which is radioactive. Yours is back of your house, but let's make it in the front. Well, it depends on who you ask. This is by the way, what her entire family had done, her dad and her grandparents. Is there anyone whose job it is to draw a little chalk outlines around the springtails? Turns the fan on, turns the light on, and the plant turns and leans that way. Exactly. It's a very interesting experiment, and I really want to see whether it's correct or not. If a plant doesn't have a brain what is choosing where to go? I can scream my head off if I want to. Different kind of signal traveling through the soil? SUZANNE SIMARD: We're sitting on the exposed root system, which is like -- it is like a mat. And on this particular day, she's with the whole family. MONICA GAGLIANO: Well, I created these horrible contraptions. No. ROBERT: Had indeed turned and moved toward the fan, stretching up their little leaves as if they were sure that at any moment now light would arrive. ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. [laughs]. ROBERT: She determined that you can pick a little computer fan and blow it on a pea plant for pretty much ever and the pea plant would be utterly indifferent to the whole thing. ROBERT: But after five days, she found that 80% of the time, the plants went -- or maybe chose -- to head toward the dry pipe that has water in it. And I met a plant biologist who's gonna lead that parade. ROBERT: So after much trial and error with click and hums and buzzes MONICA GAGLIANO: All sorts of randomness. Because after dropping them 60 times, she then shook them left to right and they instantly folded up again. JAD: What exchange would that be, Robert? Pulled out a is that a root of some sort? It's a very interesting experiment, and I really want to see whether it's correct or not. We've all seen houseplants do that, right? JENNIFER FRAZER: Yeah, it might run out of fuel. Like, I don't understand -- learning, as far as I understand it, is something that involves memory and storage. They're one of our closest relatives, actually. ALVIN UBELL: You have to understand that the cold water pipe causes even a small amount of water to condense on the pipe itself. Thud. And it was almost like, let's see how much I have to stretch it here before you forget. ROBERT: And the salivation equivalent was the tilt of the plant? Huh. ], [ROY HALLING: Dylan Keefe is our Director of Sound Design. All right, that's it, I think. So we are going to meet a beautiful little plant called a mimosa pudica, which is a perfectly symmetrical plant with leaves on either side of a central stem. Picasso! JAD: So they just went right for the MP3 fake water, not even the actual water? But what I do know is that the fact that the plant doesn't have a brain doesn't -- doesn't a priori says that the plants can't do something. I've been looking around lately, and I know that intelligence is not unique to humans. ROBERT: She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was MONICA GAGLIANO: A little fan. And it's more expensive. ROY HALLING: Well, you can see the white stuff is the fungus. What happened to you didn't happen to us. And again. LARRY UBELL: You got somewhere to go? [laughs]. I just listened to this Radiolab episode called "Smarty Plants". Walker Wolff. ROBERT: They remembered what had happened three days before, that dropping didn't hurt, that they didn't have to fold up. It's 10 o'clock and I have to go. ROBERT: Well, let us say you have a yard in front of your house. I'm gonna just go there. They learned something. LARRY UBELL: I'm not giving my age. ALVIN UBELL: And I've been in the construction industry ever since I'm about 16 years old. Submitted by Irene Kaufman on Sun, 04/08/2018 - 12:58pm. So we are going to meet a beautiful little plant called a mimosa pudica, which is a perfectly symmetrical plant with leaves on either side of a central stem. ROBERT: And some of them, this is Lincoln Taiz LINCOLN TAIZ: I'm a professor emeritus of plant biology at UC Santa Cruz. ], Test the outer edges of what you think you know. ROBERT: By the way, should we establish -- is it a fact that you're ALVIN UBELL: He's on the right track. Fan first, light after. Well, I created these horrible contraptions. Like, the tree was, like, already doing that stuff by itself, but it's the fungus that's doing that stuff? ROBERT: Monica says what she does do is move around the world with a general feeling of ROBERT: What if? ROBERT: So the roots can go either left or to the right. It's now the Wood Wide Web? Again. Well, they do it because the tree has something the fungus needs, and the fungus has something the tree needs. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. And then someone has to count. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. I think there are some cases where romanticizing something could possibly lead you to some interesting results. Truth is, I think on this point she's got a -- she's right. ROBERT: I'm not making this up. ], [ALVIN UBELL: Maria Mata -- Maria Matasar ], [LARRY UBELL: Maria Matasar-Padilla is our Managing Director. Hi. LARRY UBELL: That -- that's -- that's interesting. No, I guess that I feel kind of good to say this. It's doing like a triple double axel backflip or something into the sky. We showed one of these plants to him and to a couple of his colleagues, Sharon De La Cruz ROBERT: Because we wanted them to help us recreate Monica's next experiment. Maybe each root is -- is like a little ear for the plant. And for a long time, they were thought of as plants. Give it to the new -- well, that's what she saying. ROBERT: Huh. They all went closed. Why is this network even there? ROBERT: We, as you know, built your elevator. And the fungus actually builds a tunnel inside the rock. ROBERT: So it's not that it couldn't fold up, it's just that during the dropping, it learned that it didn't need to. And I'm wondering whether Monica is gonna run into, as she tries to make plants more animal-like, whether she's just gonna run into this malice from the scientific -- I'm just wondering, do you share any of that? I mean the fungus is JENNIFER FRAZER: No, no, no. They're switched on. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah. Back and forth. Never mind.". So we're up to experiment two now, are we not? ROBERT: And the salivation equivalent was the tilt of the plant? It was like -- it was like a huge network.
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